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International Business Daily Interview: Building an Exhibition Bridge for China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation

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09-11

International Business Daily Interview: Building an Exhibition Bridge for China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation

What are the characteristics of emerging markets such as Southeast Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa?

I. Southeast Asia Market Characteristics: High mobile penetration, high social media penetration, young consumers dominate; Shopping Attitudes: High cost-performance products, not high requirements for sources of goods; Hot-selling Categories: Motors, machinery, plastics, steel, mineral fuels, home furniture, vehicles, organic chemicals, knitting and weaving; Payment Habits: Cash payment, digital wallets; Main Challenges: Price sensitive, volume is the norm, last-mile logistics. II. Latin America Market Characteristics: Young consumers dominate, 2/3 of users are social media users, 80% of shopping is done on mobile clients; Shopping Attitudes: Product selection refers to European and American celebrities and internet celebrities, the middle and end of the month are shopping peaks, keen on product review research; Hot-selling Categories: Motors, machinery, vehicles and parts, steel, chemical products and other industrial finished products, parts, home furniture, clothing, toys; Payment Habits: Credit card payment, bank account transfer (A2A); Main Challenges: Poor logistics infrastructure, high customs clearance difficulty. III. Middle East Market Characteristics: Female consumers dominate, many wealthy classes, strong purchasing power; Shopping Attitudes: Focus on product quality, high customer unit price and high consumption, sensitive to delivery time; Hot-selling Categories: Motors, machinery, steel, automobiles and other industrial finished products, parts, home furniture, clothing, shoes, umbrellas, ceramics; Payment Habits: Credit card payment, bank account transfer (A2A); Main Challenges: Poor logistics infrastructure, low delivery rate, high return rate. IV. Africa Market Characteristics: Young consumers dominate, large proportion of low- and middle-income groups; Shopping Attitudes: Pursue cost-effectiveness, long consideration cycle, pay attention to etiquette atmosphere; Hot-selling Categories: Machinery, vehicles and parts, electronic components, wigs and hairdressing, clothing, home furniture; Payment Habits: Cash payment; Main Challenges: Poor infrastructure, difficult delivery problems, online payment habits have not yet been formed. V. Exhibition Recommendation: Nigeria (Lagos) China Commodities Expo China Commodities Expo-Nigeria 2024 November 5-8, 2024 Landmark Exhibition Center, Lagos, Nigeria Exhibit Range: 01 Engineering Machinery Excavators, cranes, earthmoving machinery, road construction machinery, concrete equipment, transportation equipment, drilling equipment, compaction equipment, pipeline construction equipment, cleaning equipment, mining machinery, petroleum equipment, etc.; 02 Agricultural Machinery Tillage machinery, planting and fertilization machinery, field management machinery, harvesting machinery, post-harvest processing equipment, agricultural product processing machinery, animal husbandry and aquaculture machinery, irrigation and drainage machinery, agricultural machinery parts, etc.; 03 Vehicles and Parts Used cars, passenger cars and parts, commercial vehicles and parts, motorcycles and parts, etc.; 04 Power Equipment Power generation equipment, power transmission equipment, power distribution equipment, power system control equipment, power protection equipment, battery systems, etc.; 05 Hardware and Building Materials Building hardware, stainless steel, color steel plates, aluminum-plastic panels, aluminum profiles, wood panels, building decoration materials, hardware products, hand tools, etc.; 06 Electronic Appliances Electronic components, power supply equipment, information and communication equipment, consumer electronics, household appliances, etc.; 07 Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Products Solar inverters, solar lamps, solar panels, solar water pumps, photovoltaic components, etc.; 08 Beauty Products Skin care products, makeup products, hair care products, personal care products, beauty tools, etc.; 09 Other Exhibits Home supplies, textiles and clothing (adult and baby clothing, batik), food (seasonings, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, etc.), personal protective equipment and medical devices, plastics industry and products, chemical products, etc. South America Food Fair - Peru International Food and Machinery Packaging Exhibition Exhibition Time: September 25-27 Exhibition Cycle: Annual Exhibition Location: Lima, Peru Exhibition Hall Name: Centro de Exposiciones Jockey Exhibit Range 1. Snacks 2. Agricultural and sideline products 3. Food ingredients 4. Food processing and packaging machinery 5. Food packaging products 6. Refrigerators, cold chain equipment, catering supplies and equipment, freezing technology

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07-16

What are the characteristics of emerging markets such as Southeast Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa?

Analysis of China's Exports to Latin American Countries

1. Strong Relationship Between Latin America and China On June 12, 2023, Honduras officially signed a memorandum of understanding on jointly building the "Belt and Road", increasing the number of Latin American countries participating in the "Belt and Road" initiative to 22. On August 31 of the same year, the China-Nicaragua Free Trade Agreement was officially signed. This is China's fifth free trade partner in Latin America, following Chile, Peru, Costa Rica, and Ecuador. 2. Robust Latin American Economy According to the GDP data released by the International Monetary Fund in April 2023, Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina are all among the top 20 in the world, while Uruguay, Colombia, Chile, and Peru are also among the top 50. II. Analysis of China's Exports to Latin America In July 2023, China's exports to Latin America reached US$21.846 billion, with cumulative exports reaching US$140.755 billion from January to July. Currently, China has become the second largest trading partner of Latin America, making Latin America an important export market for China. Among the Latin American countries that import from China, the top ten are shown in the chart above. Mexico and Brazil's export amounts are far ahead, together accounting for more than half of the total. Chile, Colombia, Argentina, and Peru follow. 2. What does China export to Latin American countries? For ease of statistics, only the top five countries are used as representatives to analyze the types of products they import from China. ● Mexico: The top ten exported products include LCD panels, smartphones, color TV receivers, and passenger cars. Aluminum alloy products, photovoltaic cells, luggage, integrated circuits, air conditioners, and printed circuits are also popular in the local market. ● Brazil: Photovoltaic components and floating or submersible drilling or production platforms have significantly higher export values than other products. Inverters, wireless phone parts, herbicides, ammonium sulfate, and polyester filament dyed fabrics are also among the top ten. In addition, color digital receivers, electric passenger vehicles, integrated circuits, pneumatic rubber tires, lithium batteries, luggage, video games, toys, and gear transmission shafts are also popular. ● Chile: Photovoltaic cells, smartphones, and lithium batteries are among the top three most popular products, followed by portable automatic data processing equipment, passenger cars, other trains, toys, chemical fiber knitted and crocheted clothing, and passenger cars (ranks 4-10). In addition, pneumatic rubber tires, grinding balls and similar products for grinding machines, footwear, chemical fiber cold-proof clothing, fish oil and its products, cotton socks, and steel plates also account for a considerable proportion. ● Argentina: Among the products imported by Argentina from China, the proportion of handheld wireless phone parts is the largest, followed by caprolactam and its derivatives, air conditioners, smartphones, and other non-halogenated organophosphorus derivatives. In addition, unnamed compounds containing a non-fused pyridine ring in their structure, motorcycles, lithium batteries, toy models, other optical communication equipment, other valves, and photovoltaic components are also popular. ● Colombia: Among China's exports to Colombia, smartphones, photovoltaic cells, and portable automatic data processing equipment account for a considerable proportion. Pneumatic rubber tires, toys, motorcycles and bicycles, iron or non-alloy steel rolled plates, television receivers, and work clothes are also among the top ten. In addition, polyethylene terephthalate chips, other alloy steel cold-rolled sheets, motorcycle parts and accessories, pneumatic tires, luggage, polyester filament dyed fabrics (≥85%), herbicides, and LED lights are also popular. Although there are differences among countries, China's export advantages to Latin America are concentrated in industrial finished products and parts such as smartphones, lithium batteries, photovoltaic cells, vehicles and parts, steel, and chemicals, as well as consumer goods such as furniture, clothing, and toys. III. Exhibition Recommendation FIB 2024 Colombia International Industrial Exhibition Exhibition Time: September 23-27, 2024 Exhibition Cycle: Biennial Exhibition Location: Bogota, Colombia Organizer: Shandong Zhenghe International Exhibition Co., Ltd. 1. Market Introduction: In recent years, the South American market has continued to heat up. With economic development, Colombia's economic structure has also undergone tremendous changes. The proportion of agriculture, including forestry, fishing, and hunting, in the GDP has decreased from 39.6% to 17.4%, while the proportion of industry (including mining, construction, gas, water, electricity, and manufacturing) has increased from 16.8% to 34.8%, mainly importing machinery and equipment, chemical products, textiles, and metal materials. Data shows that from January to November 2023, China's total exports to Colombia amounted to US$1,139,546.36 million. China mainly exports telephones, computers, steel, organic chemicals, vehicles and their parts, etc., while mainly importing crude oil, nickel iron, waste copper, raw hides and leather, etc., from Colombia. China is Colombia's second largest import source and second largest export market. The Bogota Industrial Exhibition, started in 1954, is held biennially and organized by CORFERIAS, Colombia's largest exhibition company. As the largest and longest-running industrial exhibition in Colombia, its influence has covered the entire South American region. 2. Exhibit Range: Machine Tools and Metalworking Technology Metal cutting machine tools, metal forming machine tools, gear processing machine tools, surface treatment, testing equipment, cutting tools, automation equipment, measuring instruments, electric spark cutting equipment, welding equipment and technology, plasma, water jet, laser cutting and oxygen cutting equipment, industrial equipment, fluid and lubrication systems, air, hydraulic and pneumatic automation; pneumatic and manual tools, control technology, robotics, diagnostic sensing technology, peripheral equipment and services, various machine tool accessories. Metallurgy and Casting (1) Subcontracting and subcontracting: castings and forgings, bearings, fasteners, metal finished parts, solid forming, non-cutting technology parts, machine-cut metal parts, auto parts, component assembly and metal structures, tools and die-making, standard parts, molds, auto parts, locks and accessories, plastic parts and rubber processing, production assembly services, metal furnaces, annealing furnaces, etc. (2) Materials: steel, aluminum and other metals, ceramics, polymers (engineering materials), composite materials and various other industrial materials and compounds. Transmission Technology (1) Fluid power transmission: hydraulic technology, pneumatic technology, sealing technology. (2) Mechanical transmission, parts and manufacturing equipment, technology: gear transmission, chain transmission, belt transmission, transmission connecting parts, fasteners, various mechanical equipment and testing instruments, bearings and bearing parts, linear motion systems, linear motion drive components/systems, linear motion systems, electromechanical actuators, etc., electrical transmission, compressed air technology. Industrial Automation (1) Electrical transmission: general industrial motors, special industrial motors, servo motors, general small motors, special design small motors, frequency converters, inverters and components, electric drive control systems, electric drive speed regulators, electromagnetic equipment, magnets, electric motor components, etc. (2) Electrical engineering: control technology, measurement technology, regulator technology, industrial computers, networks/industrial communication, radio automation, embedded systems, sensor systems, industrial image processing, testing equipment. (3) Mechanical engineering: automated production lines for automobiles, aircraft, ships, and high-end machinery manufacturing, robotic arms, intelligent production, assembly equipment and technology. (4) Robotics: welding robots, painting robots, handling robots, assembly robots, Cartesian robots, other industrial robots; industrial image processing systems; industrial lenses, industrial cameras, light source systems, machine vision integrated system accessories and auxiliary products. (5) Automation instruments and meters: intelligent instruments, transducers, regulators, flow meters, control valves, actuators and control valves, positioners, weighing devices, sensors, etc. Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Ventilation Equipment Plastic Machinery Engineering and Mining Machinery Energy Technology and Equipment Logistics and Transportation Security Equipment and Technology 3. Contact Information: Shandong Zhenghe International Exhibition Co., Ltd. 9th Floor, Xiangtai Plaza, No. 129, Yingxiongshan Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, Shandong Province Wang Liying: 0531-86078151/15054170277 Wu Liming: 0531-86975005/18766128077 Duan Qi: 0531-82761908/13969146912 Email: zhenghefair@126.com Website: www.brightway.com.cn

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07-16

Analysis of China's Exports to Latin American Countries

General Administration of Customs: China's total import and export value of goods trade reached 21.17 trillion yuan in the first half of the year, a year-on-year increase of 6.1%

According to the General Administration of Customs website, customs statistics show that in the first half of the year, China's total import and export value of goods reached RMB 21.17 trillion, an increase of 6.1% year-on-year (the same below). Exports totaled RMB 12.13 trillion, up 6.9%; imports reached RMB 9.04 trillion, up 5.2%; and the trade surplus was RMB 3.09 trillion, an increase of 12%. In US dollar terms, China's total import and export value in the first half of the year was US$2.98 trillion, an increase of 2.9%. Exports totaled US$1.71 trillion, up 3.6%; imports reached US$1.27 trillion, up 2%; and the trade surplus was US$43.5 billion, an increase of 8.6%. The main characteristics of China's import and export in the first half of the year are: I. Trade volume hits a new high, and quarterly trends continue to improve In the first half of the year, China's import and export volume exceeded RMB 21 trillion for the first time in the same period of history; the growth rate of import and export accelerated quarter by quarter, with a growth of 7.4% in the second quarter, 2.5 and 5.7 percentage points higher than in the first quarter and the fourth quarter of last year respectively, further consolidating the positive momentum of foreign trade. II. General trade, processing trade, and bonded logistics import and export all increased In the first half of the year, China's general trade import and export totaled RMB 13.76 trillion, an increase of 5.2%, accounting for 65% of China's total foreign trade. Exports totaled RMB 8.01 trillion, up 8.5%; imports reached RMB 5.75 trillion, up 1%. In the same period, processing trade import and export totaled RMB 3.66 trillion, an increase of 2.1%, accounting for 17.3%. Exports totaled RMB 2.32 trillion, down 1.3%; imports reached RMB 1.34 trillion, up 8.5%. In addition, China's import and export through bonded logistics reached RMB 2.96 trillion, an increase of 16.6%. Exports totaled RMB 1.12 trillion, up 13.2%; imports reached RMB 1.84 trillion, up 18.9%. III. Import and export with ASEAN, the United States, and South Korea increased In the first half of the year, ASEAN was China's largest trading partner, with total trade between China and ASEAN reaching RMB 3.36 trillion, an increase of 10.5%, accounting for 15.9% of China's total foreign trade. Exports to ASEAN totaled RMB 2.03 trillion, up 14.2%; imports from ASEAN reached RMB 1.33 trillion, up 5.2%; and the trade surplus with ASEAN was RMB 699.49 billion, an increase of 36.5%. The EU was China's second largest trading partner, with total trade between China and the EU reaching RMB 2.72 trillion, down 0.7%, accounting for 12.8%. Exports to the EU totaled RMB 1.78 trillion, up 0.5%; imports from the EU reached RMB 938.87 billion, down 2.9%; and the trade surplus with the EU was RMB 837.67 billion, an increase of 4.6%. The United States was China's third largest trading partner, with total trade between China and the United States reaching RMB 2.29 trillion, an increase of 2.9%, accounting for 10.8%. Exports to the United States totaled RMB 1.71 trillion, up 4.7%; imports from the United States reached RMB 577.97 billion, down 2%; and the trade surplus with the United States was RMB 1.14 trillion, an increase of 8.4%. South Korea was China's fourth largest trading partner, with total trade between China and South Korea reaching RMB 1.13 trillion, an increase of 7.6%, accounting for 5.3%. Exports to South Korea totaled RMB 516.95 billion, down 0.6%; imports from South Korea reached RMB 609.02 billion, up 15.7%; and the trade deficit with South Korea was RMB 92.07 billion, an increase of 14.3 times. In the same period, China's total import and export with countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" initiative reached RMB 10.03 trillion, an increase of 7.2%. Exports totaled RMB 5.62 trillion, up 8.4%; imports reached RMB 4.41 trillion, up 5.8%. IV. Import and export of private enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, and state-owned enterprises all increased In the first half of the year, private enterprises' import and export totaled RMB 11.64 trillion, an increase of 11.2%, accounting for 55% of China's total foreign trade, an increase of 2.5 percentage points from the same period last year. Exports totaled RMB 7.87 trillion, up 10.7%, accounting for 64.9% of total exports; imports reached RMB 3.77 trillion, up 12.3%, accounting for 41.8% of total imports. In the same period, foreign-invested enterprises' import and export totaled RMB 6.17 trillion, an increase of 0.2%, accounting for 29.1% of China's total foreign trade. Exports totaled RMB 3.31 trillion, down 0.1%; imports reached RMB 2.86 trillion, up 0.5%. State-owned enterprises' import and export totaled RMB 3.31 trillion, an increase of 1.2%, accounting for 15.6% of China's total foreign trade. Exports totaled RMB 931.28 billion, up 1.9%; imports reached RMB 2.37 trillion, up 1%. V. Electromechanical products account for nearly 60% of exports, with exports of automatic data processing equipment and parts, integrated circuits, and automobiles increasing In the first half of the year, China's exports of electromechanical products totaled RMB 7.14 trillion, an increase of 8.2%, accounting for 58.9% of total exports. Automatic data processing equipment and parts totaled RMB 683.77 billion, up 10.3%; integrated circuits totaled RMB 542.74 billion, up 25.6%; automobiles totaled RMB 391.76 billion, up 22.2%; and mobile phones totaled RMB 388.28 billion, down 1.7%. In the same period, exports of labor-intensive products totaled RMB 2.07 trillion, an increase of 6.6%, accounting for 17.1%. Garments and clothing accessories totaled RMB 524.43 billion, up 3%; textiles totaled RMB 492.67 billion, up 6.5%; and plastic products totaled RMB 377.64 billion, up 11.7%. Exports of agricultural products totaled RMB 344.43 billion, up 5.2%. In addition, exports of steel totaled 53.4 million tons, an increase of 24%; refined oil totaled 30.094 million tons, a decrease of 3.8%; and fertilizers totaled 12.606 million tons, a decrease of 0.8%. VI. Imports of major bulk commodities such as iron ore, coal, and natural gas increased In the first half of the year, China imported 611 million tons of iron ore, an increase of 6.2%, with an average import price (the same below) of RMB 841.8 per ton, up 7%; 275 million tons of crude oil, a decrease of 2.3%, with an average price of RMB 4316.3 per ton, up 7.9%; 250 million tons of coal, an increase of 12.5%, with an average price of RMB 716.3 per ton, down 17%; 64.652 million tons of natural gas, an increase of 14.3%, with an average price of RMB 3488.5 per ton, down 10.5%; 48.481 million tons of soybeans, a decrease of 2.2%, with an average price of RMB 3691.4 per ton, down 15.8%; and 25.076 million tons of refined oil, an increase of 9.9%, with an average price of RMB 4330.6 per ton, up 7.9%. In addition, imports of primary-shaped plastics totaled 14.202 million tons, an increase of 0.1%, with an average price of RMB 10,800 per ton, down 1%; and unwrought copper and copper materials totaled 2.763 million tons, an increase of 6.8%, with an average price of RMB 65,900 per ton, up 8.6%. In the same period, imports of electromechanical products totaled RMB 3.25 trillion, an increase of 10.1%. Integrated circuits totaled 258.89 billion units, an increase of 14.1%, with a value of RMB 1.27 trillion, up 14.4%; and automobiles totaled 332,000 units, a decrease of 4.1%, with a value of RMB 132.35 billion, down 11.8%. From China.com.cn Finance

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07-16

General Administration of Customs: China's total import and export value of goods trade reached 21.17 trillion yuan in the first half of the year, a year-on-year increase of 6.1%

Three exhibitions, synergy effect - Interauto 2024, the Russian International Exhibition of Complete Vehicles, Used Cars and Spare Parts, will bring more market opportunities

01 中国汽车出口 跃居全球第一 据数据统计，2023年中国汽车出口量(491万辆)首次超过日本，成为全球第一大汽车出口国。2024年第一季度我国汽车出口势头仍在持续增长。 02 俄罗斯成为中国第一汽车出口国 目前，中国汽车已占据俄罗斯市场近60% 份额，据俄Autostat 预测，2024年底将达到80%! 与此同时，俄罗斯最大的轮胎供应国也是中国。到2022年底，中国占俄罗斯所有轮胎进口供应量的51.6%。到2027年，俄罗斯轮胎的进口量以及将增加到3600万条。据海关总署总计，俄乌冲突以来，中国对俄罗斯出口的全钢胎显著增加，2023年中国对俄罗斯出口的轮胎数量为53.2万吨，同比增长39%。 03 俄罗斯二手车市场遇良机 俄乌冲突后,俄罗斯二手车销量快速提升,2023年进口量约20万量,预计2024年将突破新高。同时,俄罗斯市场还有一些通过“平行进口”方式进入的其他国家品牌汽车，俄政府已确认“平行进口汽车简化认证程序”将延至2027年。 04 俄罗斯新能源汽车前景广阔 目前，俄罗斯电动汽车处于起步阶段，仅占汽车总注册量0.07%。截至2023年末，俄罗斯注册电动汽车总量达2.4万辆。随着政府积极规划，完善基础设施，发放补贴，其需求呈现出大幅增长的趋势。专家预测2024年将达到4万辆，其市场前景广阔。据Autostat的数据，当下俄罗斯最受欢迎的品牌为极氪。中国新能源汽车在俄市场受到极大的关注和重视，眼下正是进入俄罗斯市场的绝佳时机！ 05 最受俄罗斯市场欢迎的十大汽车品牌 据最新统计数据显示，俄罗斯市场2024年3月共注册了146526辆新车。这不仅是去年3月的2.1倍,也是自2021年5月以来的最大月度成绩。 伴随我国车企布局的深入，销量也会进一步提升。据预测，2024年俄罗斯汽车销售量将增长18%，达到125万辆。在更乐观的前景下，销售量可能增长32%，达到140万辆。2023年新车销售量在105.87万辆，巨大的消费缺口等待补充。 Interauto-助力中国车企布局俄罗斯市场            01            展会亮点-三展联动，效力升级 Interauto 俄罗斯国际汽车及配件展-是俄罗斯最专业的汽车配件展会之一。获莫斯科政府、俄罗斯汽车制造商协会(OAR)和俄罗斯汽车零部件制造商协会(NAPAK)等官方支持。2033年展会专业观众近2万名，来自中国、印度、德国、美国等44个国家和地区。 Auto Complex 俄罗斯国际加能设备及服务展览会-俄罗斯和独联体国家唯一的加能（油、电、气）领域专业展会。在俄政府官方机构燃气发动机工业企业联盟(SPOG)和俄罗斯燃料联盟(RTS) 的支持下已成功举办28届。 MIAS 莫斯科国际汽车沙龙一是国际汽车制造商协会 (OICA) 认可的五大国际车展之一，两年一届，继疫情后，2023年和2024年均以Interauto “整车区”呈现。该展成为俄罗斯汽车产业的重要盛世，与日内瓦、巴黎和法兰克福车展齐名。 2024年Interauto,Autocomplex 和Interauto “整车区”三展合一为Interauto俄罗斯国际汽车及零配件博览会，将为中俄汽车行业带来高质量且前景广阔的经贸合作! 02 展品范围 汽车配件专区 发动机系统、制动系统、车身/ 底盘系统、空调系统、标准件、易损件等其他零部件 汽车整车专区 乘用车、商用车、其他车辆 用品及改装车区 订制改装、内外饰改装、通讯娱乐、汽车信息技术、特种车辆装配及改装、其他改装相关商品等 汽车综合服务专区 汽车清洗、汽车养护、加油站设备等 新能源区 新能源汽车技术、动力电池、驱动电机、电控系统、充电桩等 轮胎轮毂 轮胎、轮毂轮辋、轮胎维修及处理、二手轮胎、轮胎管理系统、轮胎销售及存储装备、轮胎轮毂配件及仓储 03 专业的展期配套活动 本届Interauto在Crocus expo 2号馆，7&8号厅展会现场将举办10余场同期活动及论坛，其中包括：结汇结算、清关、物流、海外仓主题论坛以及汽车汽配城商务考察（免费）等一系列做以落地的活动，洞悉前沿科技，紧扣热点趋势，为中国企业开拓俄罗斯市场提供绝佳的交流与展示的平台! 八月份一起去莫斯科！ 山东正和国际展览有限责任公司 马宁：0531-82975913 15665779161 杨蕾：0531-82770527 15665771353 郑霄：0531-82726908 18854113262 魏蕊: 0531-86085400 15153143036 联系我们，加入国内轮胎汽配行业交流群，了解最新市场资讯！     知己知彼-俄罗斯人有哪些忌讳！ 1、俄罗斯人喜欢向日葵。在俄罗斯“向日葵”有“光明象征”的含义，被誉为“太阳花”在拜访朋友的时候可以送向日葵作为礼物。 3、俄罗斯人忌讳黄色。俄罗斯人认为黄色是不吉利的颜色，送礼时一般忌讳送黄色的东西，衣服也忌讳纯黄色的。 3、俄罗斯人在送礼时很忌讳送蜡烛。在俄罗斯风俗里他们认为蜡烛是能带来死亡的不详之物，因而送此物等于诅咒对方早日死去。 4、俄罗斯人讲究“女性优先”。在公共场合里，男性都非常尊重女性，会给女士开门，进门女性优先，如果在公众场合出现了不尊重女性的行为，往往都会有不好的后果。 5、关于俄罗斯人忌讳“13”和“5”。并且俄罗斯人忌讳五月结婚，他们认为如果在五月完成婚礼，那么他们的婚礼是不被祝福的，是充满困难的。 6、俄罗斯人忌讳在吃饭的时候照镜子。他们认为在吃饭的时候照镜子会招来不幸，而且在吃饭的时候照镜子也是不尊重别人的表现哦，并且也不可以戴帽子，因为戴帽子会让别人觉得你时刻准备离开，并没有尊重在座的客人。              

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06-21

Three exhibitions, synergy effect - Interauto 2024, the Russian International Exhibition of Complete Vehicles, Used Cars and Spare Parts, will bring more market opportunities
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Postcode: 250002

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